James West and the Invention of the Microphone

James Edward West, Ph.D., was a Bell Laboratories Fellow at Lucent Technologies where he specialized in electro, physical and architectural acoustics. He retired in 2001 after dedicated more than 40 years to the company. He then took a position as a research professor with Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering.   Born in Prince Edward County, Virginia on February 10, 1931, West attended Temple University and interned at Bell Labs during his summer breaks. Upon his graduation in 1957, he joined Bell Labs and began work in electroacoustics, physical acoustics, and architectural acoustics. In conjunction with Gerhard Sessler, West patented the electret microphone in 1964 while working at Bell Laboratories. West’s Research   Wests research in the early 1960s led to the development of the foil electret transducers for sound recording and voice communication that are used in 90 percent all microphones built today. These electrets are also at the heart of most telephones now being manufactured. The new microphone became widely used because of its high performance, accuracy, and reliability. It also cost little to produce, and it was small and light weight. The electret transducer began as the result of an accident, like many notable inventions. West was fooling around with a radio – he loved taking things apart and putting them back together as a child, or at least attempting to put them back together. In this instance, he became acquainted with electricity, something that would fascinate him for years.   West’s Microphone   James West joined forces with Sessler while he was at Bell. Their goal was to develop a compact, sensitive microphone that wouldn’t cost a fortune to produce. They completed development of their electret microphone in 1962 – it worked on the basis of the electret transducers they had developed – and they began production of the device in 1969. Their invention became the standard of the industry. The vast majority of microphones used today in everything from baby monitors and hearing aids to telephones, camcorders and tape recorders all use Bell’s technology. James West holds 47 U.S. patents and more than 200 foreign patents on microphones and techniques for making polymer ​foil electrets. He has authored more than 100 papers and has contributed to books on acoustics, solid-state physics, and material science. He has received numerous awards, including the Golden Torch Award in 1998 sponsored by the National Society of Black Engineers, and the Lewis Howard Latimer Light Switch and Socket Award in 1989. He was chosen New Jersey Inventor of the Year in 1995 and was inducted into the Inventors Hall of Fame in 1999. He was appointed president of the Acoustical Society of American in 1997 and is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. Both James  West and Gerhard Sessler were inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1999.

The Broad Term Of Freedom - 1646 Words

To start with, I would like to discuss about the broad term of â€Å"freedom† in a democratic society. We have always defined freedom as an environment in which people resist evil and do what is right, and good without fear of any punishment or retaliation. It is justice balanced with compassion and it is a rule of law based on fundamental moral truths. It offers individuals equal opportunity to better and balance their lives morally, spiritually, intellectually, and economically. Freedom is not only a moral issue but also a legal one and on this essay I am going to focus on free speech. As The First Amendment says â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances† (Cornell Law). Following this, I believe everyone is entitled to their free speech, but as flawed humans being we always cross the line at certain points and that is why there is the need for limitations. By saying this then, liberty is not really absolute and censorship can never be absent. â€Å"Liberty requires constraints at every level –speech, sex, movement†¦ in order for people to create and ordered society† (MECM, 290). Furthermore, in my opinion free speech and expression should be preserved to prevent the society and nations from exploiti ng the power of system. However, it should not beShow MoreRelatedEssay On The EU As A Promoter Of Preventative Criminal Justice924 Words   |  4 PagesEuropean Union (EU) has drifted from the objectives of the first implementation of the European Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice (AFSJ). The AFSJ was originally created to promote general EU values such as human rights. However, Herlin-Karnell states that the broad objectives and focus on ensuring a high level of security have left the AFSJ to focus solely on security while abandoning freedom and justice. The author discusses the problems of a blurred distinction of internal and external securityRead MoreTranscendentalism : Henry David Thoreau And Ralph Waldo Emerson847 Words   |  4 PagesTranscendentalism relates to freedom in several ways. Freedom is the power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint. Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau are two transcendentalists that have different views on freedom. Our project, representing freedom, shows a person how to live his or her life in a way of freedom shown by Emerson and Thoreau. Together, we did research on the transcendentalists: Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson. 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The Increasing Rate of the Violence

Question: Describe about the increasing rate of the violence in the campus. Answer: Introduction: The increasing rate of the violence in the campus is the main purpose of the discussion here. It is essential to understand the crucial nature of the communities emerging the responsibility of campus safety. Recently the campus is an unsafe place facing threats on definite society. The reports are full of news about suicide cases and different forms of violence towards the women including sexual assault. Discussion and recommendation: The emergence of such factors gave rise to the necessity of introducing the measure to protect the students while taking care of the fact that there is a limit to such measures and no negative consequences must result from the moves adopted for such factors. The concerned organizations are working towards the betterment of service for immuning the students against the exposed abuse. One of the best ways to ensure the colleges regarding the prevention of the abuse is to give them ample awareness measures so that they can get adequate ideas about how to deal with such incidents. The program conducting includes such measures that will allow the institutes to solve the problem internally without any external enforcement (iaclea.org, 2016). The IACLEA recognized the necessity of the college training for prevention of such abuses and based on that the Accreditation programs are conducted so as to bring a line of the control of interference The necessity of drawing a line till where the external interference is allowed has come up because the recent cases report the guns drawn by the police to settle matters for those cases which in reality was a minor case. The parents even reported that the police push the students against the wall and snatches their bags in search of illicit materials which may affect adversely upon the mentality of the students. They even come up with the students and carries the even without saying anything. The situation becomes worse day by day due to the over interference of the police. Some of the students are simply taken due to the suspicion and kept detained until the search gets over. The force brings canine help reporting positively on some of the school bags without finding any drugs and only after that they were left free. Such incidents critically show the necessity of drawing lines regarding the interference of the external source spoiling the favorable environment of an Institute (edi tion.cnn.com, 2016). Nowadays the reports even explain about the school children bringing guns to the schools. They hurt not only themselves but to the surroundings ultimately bringing harm to them as well. It is important to draw a line in this aspect to prevent any external consequences interfering in the business. The parents and the school authority must appoint some counselors other than forcing violence and pressure upon them mentally and physically (ncjrs.gov, 2016). The recent federal laws brought some amendments that required establishing strong rules preventing the increasing risks. Various acts enacted for the prevention of the violence explains that any incident occurring regarding the violence in school premises should be in exposure. The school requires taking adequate measures to rectify the faults rather involving some external sources adding an adverse effect on the situation (ncjrs.gov, 2016). References: International Association of Campus Law Enforcement Administrators (IACLEA). (2016). iaclea.org. Retrieved 20 June 2016, from https://www.iaclea.org/visitors/PDFs/HouseTestimony_Final_13May07.pdf CNN.com - Police, school district defend drug raid - Nov. 10, 2003. (2016). Edition.cnn.com. Retrieved 20 June 2016, from https://edition.cnn.com/2003/US/South/11/07/school.raid/index.html Preventing School Shootings. (2016). ncjrs.gov. Retrieved 20 June 2016, from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/jr000248c.pdf SexualAssaultonCampus. (2016). ncjrs.gov. Retrieved 20 June 2016, from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/205521.pdf

Online Reservation free essay sample

Based on the ever-increasing demand for online services, one would think that most businesses maintain an online presence that includes customer self-scheduling. However, this assumption is not necessarily true, as many businesses do not offer such services to its customers. And while they dont, their competitors may. Online reservation system can be the missing piece of the puzzle that gives businesses the edge over their competitors. Until fairly recently, the most common method of scheduling appointments and reservations-as well as managing customer information-was with a paper appointment book. Customers call into a business, the receptionist, staff member or other person answering the phone checks availability, and then that individual writes down the appointment or reservation. If the business has the resources, it may make reminder phone calls or send an appointment card or other document in the mail prior to the scheduled time. More recently, some businesses opted for electronic calendars such as those offered by Google and Microsoft Outlook to handle their scheduling needs. We will write a custom essay sample on Online Reservation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although more functional than pen and paper, most still lack the functionality to fully automate a business scheduling processes. To accomplish this, businesses and organizations turned to online reservation system. And its that simple for customers as well, should a business offer online self-scheduling. Its a feature that can really help it stand out from its competitors. (Article Source: http://EzineArticles. com/4492658) According to the author – Andrew Jone (January 27, 2011), online reservation system was initially developed in the 1960s to help the airlines manage their ticket transactions but later even the travel agencies started using it to simplify the processes for its clients. Not only travel related studies but also other booking transactions that needs reservations. Today online reservation system is even accessible to consumers through Internet Gateways and it allows the users to book hotel rooms, rent cars as well as book online airline tickets, which is definitely a more convenient way of making your travel plans. However, the functionality is tailored to solve the purpose specific demand of consumers. This modern day online reservation system is a mechanism which has helped e-tourism reach completely new heights. The locally rooted travel industries are now able to reach to more customers worldwide and expanding their business. The completely automated booking and reservation processes have helped business managers save time, human resource and focus on other aspect of business development. The benefits of online reservation system are surely too many which is why this fully automated booking system is such a hit in the service industries. (Article Source: http://EzineArticles. com/601718) According to the author – George Szifo (September 18, 2008), The online reservation systems or online booking systems has simplified our way of living and made the online booking industry far more efficient and effective. It is expensive to develop online booking software because it requires skilled labor and takes a lot of time. The availability of online reservation system makes our task easier with more available software on the market. We are able to use online reservation software for all industries like travel, hotels, food etc. There are a few options to consider before you select the very best online reservation software system. You need to think about your audience. Who is this software directed towards? Are you creating a website for a simple bed and breakfast, a small hotel, or a timeshare opportunity? These are important questions you need to answer first. Once you have figured out your target audience, you can move forward with the layout of the website. Easy to use make sure that the software is both easy for you to understand as well as your future clientele.